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Synthesis of the bases and complementary traits

RNA/DNA - Synthesis of the Bases:


The DNA-RNA-bases G and A versus C-U-T do indeed represent complementary "poles", with several polarities in origin and their synthesis.

The 6-5-member-rings of G- an A-bases originate from Inosinic acid,
the 6-member-rings of U-C-T-bases from Orotate.

In original papers G and A are called "00"-bases, U-C-T "0"-bases. Yet the G- and A-bases in their construction have the character of 0-poles of the dimension model here, U-C-T the character of 00-poles (anticentre poles).

a) G- and A-base are constructed from a centre outwards, the U-C-T-bases inwards:
The centre in G- and A-bases is made up of the smallest amino acid Gly, whose branches outwards are filled with small molecules from the surrounding anticentre.
   We have a "c - ac"-relation .

The U-C-T-bases are created through the meeting from outwards of two bigger molecules, the amino acid Asp and carbamyl phosphate, binding to form the 6-member-ring.

Principle of synthesis for the opposite codon bases:

b) G and A then are formed along a branched way from the resulting Inosinic acid, while U,-C and T are differentiated along a "linear" path of changes.

c) The relation to the P-ribose groups of the nucleotides are opposite:
construction of A- and G-bases occur on the P-ribose group which comes comes first,
U-C-T bases are constructed separately, with P-ribose groups are added afterwards.

d) Gly and Asp, the amino acids making up parts of the polar types of bases have inverted mass numbers:

e) Mass number sums of "0"- and "00"-bass are inversions:

G + A   = 286 = 151 + 135 A            (with +1 for bond to ribose)
U+C+T = 349 = 112 + 111 + 126 A                 "

286/\ 349 x 10x

Perhaps we could note too, that the two parts in the synthesis of U-C-T-bases,
(carbamylphosphatate + Asp) before binding has the mass sum 286, the sum of A- and G-bases.

Also,more intricate:


2 bases with exponents give their opposites if inverted.


The branched paths of synthesis for G- and A-bases:

Here we have something like a secondary polarity:

A-base gets its free N-group from the amino acid Asp,
the N-group in the B-chain of this. (There is of course no other.)
G-base gets its free N-group from the amino acid Gln,
the N-group in the R-chain of this.

We can note too:

Asp, 70 Z -------> A-base 70 Z.
Gln,  78 Z -------> G-base 78 Z

Codons as a mirror relation:

Asp G-A-C <------> C-A-G = Gln

but G-A-U <------> U-A-G = one of the Stop codons.

 We could also observe the mass numbers of Asp, 133 A, Gln, 146 A and the sum of Orotate and  Inosinic acid = 136 + 156 = 292 A: all numbers from the Exponent series: 52/3, 42/3, 32/3, 22/3(all x 100) etc. (If written "5", "4" etc.: "5" = 292, 1/2 x "5" = 146, "5-2" = 133.


Forms of bases and amino acids:

There is a relation in their forms like centres-anticentres, (c-ac), as 0-00 in the model - or radial versus circular as geometrical poles of dimension degree 3:
- Amino acids as tetrahedrons have central C-atoms and direction outwards in 3-4- directions,
- Bases are rings as if the central atoms had got inverted to anticentre positions.

Formally, 2 amino acids N-C-C-N-C-C could be restructured to the 6-rings of the bases (if chemically possible is another question):

 

Some more elementary aspects on the 5 bases:

 

Elementary groups in the protein synthesis
- illustrated by the dimension chain and its superposed level:

 

Numbers of DNA-RNA bases and some relations to numbers of amino acids:
more here.

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© Åsa Wohlin
Free to distribute if the source is mentioned.
Texts are mostly extractions from a booklet series in Swedish, made publicly available in 2000.